The role of astrocytes and microglia cells in neurodegeneration and cancer

Glia cells have been traditionally considered supportive cells within the nervous system. However, the studies carried out over the last few decades have demonstrated that these cells establish active interactions with neurons and are involved in most of the nervous system pathologies. Indeed, in these diseases a reaction of astrocytes and microglia, termed reactive gliosis, is commonly observed. Evidence from the latest research strongly suggests that reactive astrocytes and activated microglia are relevant targets for therapeutic strategies. 

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease or others caused by neuronal death, such as stroke are a major social issue, mainly because the aging population is increasing. Up to now, most studies related to these diseases have focused on neurons as the cells directly responsible for the deleterious effects of these diseases. However, today the knowledge of the role played by astrocytes and microglial cells, both in health and in neurodegenerative diseases, is being translated into proposals of innovative strategies based on these cells as therapeutic targets. 

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